Korea and the BICs (Brazil, India and China) : catching up experiences

This paper tests a neo-Schumpeterian model with industry-level data to analyze how Brazil, India, and China are catching up with South Korea’s technological frontier in a globalized world. The paper validates Aghion et al.’s inverted-U hypothesis that industries that are closer to the technological frontier innovate to escape competition while longer distances discourage innovating. It suggests that for effective catching up, distance-shortening (or innovation-enhancing) policies may be a necessary complement to liberalization. South Korea and China combined a variety of distance-shortening policies with financial subsidies to promote high tech industries and an export-led growth strategy. Post-liberalization, they leveraged swift competition to spur catch-up. In comparison, Brazil, which was as rich as South Korea, and India, which was as rich as China in 1980, are catching up more slowly. Import-substitution industrialization strategies saddled Brazil and India with a large anti-export bias, and unfocused attention to innovation-enhancing policies dampened global competitiveness. Post liberalization, many of their industries were too far behind the technological frontier to effectively benefit from competition. The catch-up experiences of Brazil, India, and China with South Korea illustrate that distance from the technological frontier matters and that the design of country-specific distance- shortening policies can be an important complement to trade liberalization in promoting catching up with richer countries.Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Water and Industry,E-Business,Knowledge for Development

The diameter of random Cayley digraphs of given degree

We consider random Cayley digraphs of order $n$ with uniformly distributed generating set of size $k$. Specifically, we are interested in the asymptotics of the probability such a Cayley digraph has diameter two as $n\to\infty$ and $k=f(n)$. We find a sharp phase transition from 0 to 1 at around $k = \sqrt{n \log n}$. In particular, if $f(n)$ is asymptotically linear in $n$, the probability converges exponentially fast to 1.Comment: 11 page

Migração de analógico para digital da rede sísmica do CIVISA mediante o desenho de um sistema de aquisição de dados e um rádio telemetria Wi-Fi

ABSTRACT: In September of 2016 a new digital communications network for the Azores Civil Protection (SRPCBA) was inaugurated providing digital, voice and Ethernet LAN telemetry capabilities to the Centre for Information and Seismovolcanic Surveillance of the Azores (CIVISA). During 2017, the telemetry links from all monitoring techniques were reconnected to the new communication system. In 2018 the CIVISA has started the migration from analogue to digital seismic stations and this process allow to liberate few short period geophones. At the CIVISA’s Information and Communication Technologies Support group (SATIC), motivated by the availability of sensors, an instrumentation project was started with the objective of develop affordable digital data acquisition system (DAS) for geophones and a Wi-Fi telemetry to transmit seismic data to the Data Acquisition Centre (CAD) of CIVISA, in Ponta Delgada. The DAS design uses Do It Yourself (DIY) modules for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, microcontrollers and low power computer boards.RESUMO: Em setembro de 2016, foi inaugurada uma nova rede de comunicações digitais para o Serviço Regional de Proteção Civil e Bombeiros dos Açores (SRPCBA), fornecendo capacidades de telemetria digital e voz ao Centro de Informação e Vigilância Sismovulcânica dos Açores (CIVISA). Em 2017, os enlaces de rádio das diversas técnicas de monitorização passaram para o sistema atual. Em 2018, o CIVISA iniciou a migração das estações sísmicas analógicas para digitais e este processo libertou alguns geofones. No grupo de Serviço de Apoio às Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (SATIC), motivado pela disponibilidade de sensores, iniciou-se um projeto com o objetivo de desenvolver um instrumento de aquisição de dados acessível (DAS) para geofones e um rádio Wi-Fi para retransmitir dados para o Centro de Aquisição de Dados (CAD), em Ponta Delgada. O DAS utiliza dispositivos Do It Yourself (DIY) para aplicações de Internet de Coisas (IoT) e computadores de baixa potência.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Biotic and abiotic factors affecting the Tasmanian distribution and density of the introduced New Zealand porcelain crab Petrolisthes elongatus

Petrolisthes elongatus (Milne-Edwards, 1837) was first introduced into southern Tasmania in the late 19th century putatively associated with live-oyster transfers from New Zealand. In the last century P. elongatus populations have expanded, inoculating rocky intertidal zones around Tasmania. We initially identified the scope of P. elongatus introduced range around Tasmania by visiting 57 sites to identify presence. Density of P. elongatus and populations of two native grapsid crab species was assessed at 12 sites around Tasmania to identify any biotic resistance. Abiotic factors including substrate availability and preference, and wave stress, were identified at each of the 57 sites. Our results indicate that P. elongatus has successfully invaded a large proportion of the southern and northern coasts of Tasmania, with a small number of sites on the east and none on the west coast supporting P. elongatus populations. Densities were found to be higher in southern Tasmania compared to the eastern and northern coastlines. Petrolisthes elongatus presence was found to be positively correlated with native grapsid crab presence, however, no statistically significant relationship was found between densities at scales of site or quadrat. Abiotic factors have been identified as the primary drivers of Petrolisthes distribution pattern

Efeitos da Intervenção de Enfermagem Relaxamento no Sistema Imunológico de Puérperas

Este estudo avalia os efeitos da intervenção de Enfermagem-Relaxamento no sistema imunológico de puérperas abrange uma amostra de 60 puérperas (grupo controle e experimental) internadas na Maternidade Cel. Leôncio Vieira de Resende, localizada no município da Serra, no Espírito Santo. Estabelece como parâmetro imunológico o nível de Imunoglobulina A (IgA) salivar. Busca também examinar a correlação entre os níveis de IgA salivar das puérperas com as variáveis idade, paridade, tipo de parto, número de horas pós-parto, etilismo, tabagismo, depressão, traço e estado de ansiedade. Na coleta de dados sobre tais variáveis utiliza como instrumentos uma entrevista com registro em formulário, o STATE TRAIT ANXIETY INVENTORY (IDATE) e a Escala de Depressão Pós-parto de Edinburgh (EPDS). Faz uso da imunoturbidimetria para dosar os níveis de IgA salivar, colhendo as amostras em dois momentos: até 24 horas pós-parto e uma semana depois. No tratamento estatístico utiliza o SPSS-versão 8.0 (1997). Conclui que os dados encontrados são estatisticamente significativos, demonstrando que a intervenção de Enfermagem-Relaxamento aumenta os níveis de IgA salivar no grupo experimental, após a aprendizagem e prática dessa técnica; e reduz os níveis de ansiedade das puérperas. Não encontra correlação entre as variáveis de controle e os níveis de IgA salivar

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE COVERINGS FOR COOLING TOWERS IN BRAZILIAN CAPITALS THROUGH NUMERICAL MODELING

A cooling tower is a heat removal device used to transfer waste heat to the atmosphere process. Today, commercial cooling towers use plastic coverings, specially developed for this application. It is known that alternative coverings have been an increasingly viable solution thanks to its performance and cost. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, through numerical simulation, the performance of different alternative coverings under different climatic conditions. Therefore, we used, as reference, the climate of the state capitals and their respective geographic regions. The performance of these coverings was evaluated through observation of three parameters: effectiveness, approach and cooling. The main input data used by the software EES (Engineering Equation Solver) for the calculation of evaluation parameters were: experimental NUT of each covering, average local temperature, local air pressure and relative humidity. The flow of water and air were set at 0.33 L / s and 170 L / s, respectively. We concluded that the air inlet temperature and relative humidity at each location greatly influence the performance of the coverings. The alternative covering that showed the best results was the "cross-fiber and neck", with an efficiency about 35% lower than the industrial covering. The Brazilian capital city with the best performances for alternative coverings was Palmas (TO). This is due to the very low relative humidity found in the city in the summer. Air humidity is also responsible for the poor performance of coverings in the capitals of the North. In general, the region with the best performance was the South, due to the characteristics of the sub-tropical climate. Regions that had the worst results were North / Northeast because of the weather that combines high temperatures with high / moderate humidity, respectively. Thus, the study of climate conditions is indispensable for the operation prevision of a cooling tower. Alternative coverings will be viable depending on the location

Scaling properties of growing noninfinitesimal perturbations in space-time chaos

We study the spatiotemporal dynamics of random spatially distributed noninfinitesimal perturbations in one-dimensional chaotic extended systems. We find that an initial perturbation of finite size $\epsilon_0$ grows in time obeying the tangent space dynamic equations (Lyapunov vectors) up to a characteristic time $t_{\times}(\epsilon_0) \sim b - (1/\lambda_{max}) \ln (\epsilon_0)$, where $\lambda_{max}$ is the largest Lyapunov exponent and $b$ is a constant. For times $t < t_{\times}$ perturbations exhibit spatial correlations up to a typical distance $\xi \sim t^z$. For times larger than $t_{\times}$ finite perturbations are no longer described by tangent space equations, memory of spatial correlations is progressively destroyed and perturbations become spatiotemporal white noise. We are able to explain these results by mapping the problem to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class of surface growth.Comment: 4.5 pages LaTeX (RevTeX4) format, 3 eps figs included. Submitted to Phys Rev

A regional atmosphere-ocean climate system model (CCLMv5.0clm7-NEMOv3.3-NEMOv3.6) over Europe including three marginal seas: On its stability and performance

The frequency of extreme events has changed, having a direct impact on human lives. Regional climate models help us to predict these regional climate changes. This work presents an atmosphere–ocean coupled regional climate system model (RCSM; with the atmospheric component COSMO-CLM and the ocean component NEMO) over the European domain, including three marginal seas: the Mediterranean, North, and Baltic Sea. To test the model, we evaluate a simulation of more than 100 years (1900–2009) with a spatial grid resolution of about 25 km. The simulation was nested into a coupled global simulation with the model MPI-ESM in a low-resolution configuration, whose ocean temperature and salinity were nudged to the ocean–ice component of the MPI-ESM forced with the NOAA 20th Century Reanalysis (20CR). The evaluation shows the robustness of the RCSM and discusses the added value by the coupled marginal seas over an atmosphere-only simulation. The coupled system is stable for the complete 20th century and provides a better representation of extreme temperatures compared to the atmosphere-only model. The produced long-term dataset will help us to better understand the processes leading to meteorological and climate extremes